Showing posts with label famous astrologer in Kolkata. Show all posts
Showing posts with label famous astrologer in Kolkata. Show all posts

Thursday, 3 November 2022

Scorpio Relationship Traits

Scorpio, the eighth solar sign, is noted for its devotion to its relationships. Your love characteristics set you apart from the other sun signs when it comes to finding love. Scorpio, the eighth solar sign, is noted for its devotion to its relationships. According to the top astrologer in IndiaIt is stated that if someone has a thing for scorpions, they will not be able to enjoy a happier life under any other solar sign. Your love characteristics set you apart from the other sun signs when it comes to finding love. Most scorpions share similar love attributes like as dignity, kindness, loyalty, and responsibility.

 


When you talk about love and compatibility with other sun signs then your love meter shows the highest percentage with Cancer, Pisces, Virgo and Capricorn. Read out the reasons why and in what ways these signs do get compatible with you.

 

Scorpio and Aries:

Scorpio and Aries aren't the most compatible sign when it comes to compatibility, so they'll have to work extra hard to make a relationship work. Because both of these signs are power-hungry and ambitious in their goals, they must find a middle ground by making room for one another and respecting their partners' feelings. Because the outgoing and outspoken Aries is diametrically opposed to the introverted and emotional Scorpio, a ceasefire is essential to make this perplexing connection function.

 

Scorpio and Taurus:

Time is the most important factor in developing a strong connection between Scorpio and Taurus, two Zodiac signs who are both fiercely passionate and power-hungry. Given that both of these zodiacs are stubborn and dogmatic in their approaches, flexibility and accommodativeness will be the trigger for bridging the gap and nurturing a good relationship. Once a connection is made, it will be passionate and intimate.

 

Scorpio and Gemini:

Due to the significant disparities in their mental psyches, Scorpio and Gemini aren't the most compatible signs, but if they work hard to build a relationship, it can last. To ice break with the more adaptive and extroverted Gemini, Scorpio will have to discard their secretive and deceptive characteristics. With their flirty approach, Gemini will need to be extra careful not to break Scorpio's trust. If they succeed, the relationship will be one of great emotional connection and closeness.


Scorpio & Cancer:

Above all the signs in astrology, this combination is believed to be the most coordinated. You two have such a nuanced bond that you can both read each other's minds extremely well. Maintaining transparency in a relationship is your love motto. Overall, Cancer and Scorpio are a good match for each other. Scorpio will always feel loved and nurtured by Cancer, and Cancer will always feel safe and protected by Scorpio. Despite the inevitable ups and downs, you and your partner have the potential to go the distance.

 

Scorpio and Leo:

Scorpio and Leo are two of the Zodiac's most intense signs, and their love compatibility may be magical if they play to each other's strengths. Both of these indications demand a great deal of respect, attention, and affection, despite their origins in opposite aspects. The only difference is that Leos are more outspoken and flashy, whilst Scorpions are more introspective.Through the eyes of the top astrologer in Kolkata, They can go a long way toward forging an unshakable relationship if they can complement each other's personalities.

 

Scorpio & Virgo:

You two could be a good match! Scorpio and Virgo, as an earth and water sign couple, don't always get along. When it comes to personality traits, they are always on the serious side. The earth and water signs, according to astrology, are a good match. The fixed water sign of Scorpio will add emotional depth to the partnership, while the mutable earth sign of Virgo will supply stability and flexibility. You're both commitment-oriented signs, so you'll work hard to construct the ideal partnership.

 

Scorpio and Libra:

Scorpio and Libra have the potential to form one of the most enduring relationships of all the zodiac signs. With their inherent characteristics, these signs can be a wonderful match. The Libran can help the emotionally charged Scorpion find balance, while Scorpio may assist the occasionally shaky Librans in life with improved focus and decision-making. In a nutshell, this relationship has the potential to develop into a long-term partnership based on emotional bonding.

 

Scorpio & Scorpio:

When two very passionate persons from the same sign are brought together, the relationship can be a rollercoaster ride that can go either way. When two scorpions come together, they will be completely obsessed with each other and form an intimate friendship. As enigmatic as they are, they will have to be careful to channel their favorable energy for the benefit of one another while keeping their negative traits hidden.

 

Scorpio and Sagittarius:

Despite their disparate natures, Scorpion and Sagittarius share some shared features that might bring them together. Before committing to a relationship, an emotionally charged Scorpion need a strong sense of security, which may be too much for an easygoing Sagittarius. As a result, a level playing field must be established between these two zodiac signs when it comes to the principles of a strong partnership. This friendship could be an exciting and adventurous journey after the initial hurdle is overcome.

 



Scorpio & Capricorn:

You two are a sexy couple! Scorpio and Capricorn have a strong sexual connection since their signs are in sextile and Capricorn exalts one of Scorpio's rulers, Mars. When it comes to love relationships, you normally back off, but when it comes to power couples, you're in the ideal position. Scorpions and Capricorns have the most in common when it comes to their thoughts and decisions in life. Scorpio and Capricorn, on the other hand, are two of the zodiac's most serious signs, which might make for a rough start.

 

Scorpio and Aquarius :

Although two zodiac signs with nothing in common may not form the perfect love match, their union can result in some weird yet fascinating relationships.

Because of their very different personalities, there may be a lot of friction, but they have enough determination to overcome their differences and form a relationship that is more practical and less emotional. Scorpio's mystic and introspective outlook on life contrasts sharply with Aquarius' more open and optimistic outlook.

 

Scorpio & Pisces:

This duo has a reputation for being the best creative collaborators. You both put your best foot forward in any type of employment, but in love, you are always prone to maintaining a close and cautious connection. When it comes to comfort zones, Scorpions and Pisceans are diametrically opposed, but when it comes to connecting, they are identical. Scorpio is a passionate, hot-and-cold lover who can be obsessive at times.

 

Pisces in Love, on the other hand, is susceptible, escapist, and occasionally a martyr. Because once deeply attached, Pisces and Scorpio never completely let go, you're thought to be a turn on for the couple, reappearing in dreams for years to come suggested by the famous astrologer in India.

Tuesday, 25 October 2022

Gandanta – The Karmic Knot



The words 'Gand' and 'Anta' signify 'knot' and 'end,' respectively. As a result, Gandanta means "the knot at the end." It is the part of the zodiac that marks the transition from the water to the fire elements. These points can be found at the intersections of the Rashis of Pisces and Aries, Cancer and Leo, and Scorpio and Sagittarius.

 

According to the famous astrologer in India, the Brahma Randhra (the creator's eye) or Vishnu Nabhi are the three points at 0 degrees of Aries, Leo, and Saggitarius (the navel of Vishnu, the beginning of creation). There is a great deal of fear mongering surrounding this topic, with little comprehension of why these issues are so dangerous.

 

Why Does Gandanta Occur?

The creative process is cyclical. It begins with creation and culminates with the total destruction of all creation. The sequence of the elements of the signs corresponds to the creation cycle. Fire, Earth, Air, and Water are the signs in sequence. The element of Ether governs the entire procedure. The Rasis are divided into three categories in the Zodiac: Fire, Earth, Air, and Water.

Aries, Leo, and Sagittarius are the Fire signs. Cancer, Scorpio, and Pisces are the Water signs. Capricorn, Taurus, and Virgo are Earth signs, while Libra, Aquarius, and Gemini are Air signs.

 

As a result, it depicts the process of creation and disintegration three times, with each beginning in the Fire signs of Aries, Leo, and Sagittarius. Ashwini, Magha, and Moola are the nakshatras that are at these places.

 

The dissolution is shown at the end of the Water element signs, which are Cancer, Scorpio, and Pisces, which are the three Water signs. Ashlesha, Jyeshtha, and Revati are the nakshatras that fall at these places. It's easy to grasp that steam will form when fire hits water if you see steam. As a result, the sites where these two processes collide are known as Gandanta.

 

Gandanta Degrees :

The Gandanta points are the last 3 degrees and 20 minutes of the Water Gandanta Rashi and the first 3 degrees and 20 minutes of the Fire Gandanta Rashi. The last four degrees of the Water signs are sometimes referred to as Gandanta. This corresponds to the Fire sign's first pada and the Water sign's last pada. This is the first pada of Ashwini, Magha, and Moola nakshatras, and the fourth pada of Revati, Ashlesha, and Jyestha nakshatras.


Types Of Gandanta :-

Lagna Gandanta :

When the Lagna or rising sign of a person falls within the Gandanta degrees.

 

Nakshatra Gandanta :

The Moon of a person in the Gandanta zone of the zodiac is Nakshatra Gandanta.

 

Tithi Gandanta :

The lunar day is known as Tithi. Gandanta regions are found where the Purna and Nanda Tithis meet (5th-6th, 10th-11th, and 15th-1). The Gandanta periods are the last two Ghatikas of a Purna Tithi and the first two Ghatikas of a Nanda Tithi.

 

 

Effects Of Gandanta And Gandanta Planets :

A person born with Gandantar Yog in Kundali is smack dab in the centre of the chaos that marks the end of one cycle and the beginning of another. In Gandanta, planets are also affected. It's a symbolic tangle or problem in their life that's difficult to untangle or unravel. The karmic knot is frequently a problem in the person's life that causes them sorrow and suffering, and it is the metaphorical knot in their existence.

 

When the Moon is in Gandanta, a kid is born near a Dasha change phase, which produces a major upheaval or change in the child's life that the child is normally ignorant of but that the parents are aware of. However, it causes major issues beginning at the outset of life. Planetary placement in Gandanta reveals extremely karmic repercussions in their life and suggests that this birth has a very specific purpose. They will confront numerous challenges in life and must strive to come to grips with them in order to grow spiritually.The area of trouble will be seen by the planet’s position in the chart and the house lordship.

 

Spiritual Growth In Gandanta :

There is a school of thought that believes a person's birth at Gandanta aids spiritual development. The spiritual and earthy realms are thought to have no borders because the junction is located between destruction and creation. It increases one's intuition and opens them up to mystical and spiritual energy. The challenges in a person's life assist them in cutting through Maya's illusion, transcending earthly attachments and achieving spiritual insight and enlightenment.

 

Remedies :

The ancient writings prescribe Gandanta Vedic astrology birth treatments, some of which are harsh. The infant is most likely to die shortly after birth. If the infant survives, he or she will grow up to be an incredibly strong person.

 

Classification For Remedial Measures :-

Based on Day/Night Birth :

A Gandanta birth in the day is Pitri (father) Gandanta. A Gandanta birth at night is Matri (mother) Gandanta.

 

Based On Nakshatra :

Birth in the Revati-Aswini Gandanta region is called Swa-Gandanta which translates as Self-Gandanta. Birth in the Aslesha-Magha Gandanta is Matri-Gandanta or Mother-Gandanta while birth in the Jyeshta-Moola junction is called Pitri-Gandanta or Father-Gandanta.

 


Special Case: Abhukta Moola -

The Jyeshta-Moola is regarded the least auspicious of the three Gandanta sites. The Abhukta Moola Gandanta is its name. When a kid is born in this Gandanta, Narada Muni advises that the infant be given away or abandoned as a remedy, and that no hopes or expectations be placed on the child. Furthermore, if the child survives, the child's father should not see the child for at least eight years after birth. Other wise astrologers suggest a 27-day time.

 

Moola-Nivasa Based On The Month :

Moola is said to live in different Lokas depending on the Vedic month of the year. Moola's dwelling is Patala Loka, or hell, during the months of Margasirsa, Phalgun, Vaisakha, and Jyestha. Moola lives in Martya Loka, or the land of the dead, during the months of Sravana, Kartika, Chaitra, and Pausa. Moola lives in Swarga Loka, or the sky, in Ashada, Aswin, Bhadra, and Magha.

 

Lagna Based Rules :

There are three types of Rasis or Signs: mobile, fixed, and dual signs. Aries, Cancer, Libra, and Capricorn are mobile signs, whereas Taurus, Leo, Scorpio, and Aquarius are fixed signs. Gemini, Virgo, Sagittarius, and Pisces are the mutable or dual signs. Swarga, Patala, and Martya Loka are the residences of Moola in moveable, fixed, and dual signs, respectively, through the eyes of the famous astrologer in Kolkata.

Sunday, 16 October 2022

Most Maddening Habits of Every Zodiac Signs



According to the famous astrologer in India, Astrology is a comprehensive, sophisticated, and transforming subject. The basic study of astrology focuses on each of the 12 zodiac signs. Each zodiac sign has its own specialisation, and each zodiac sign has its own unique personality, with dynamic strengths and maddening flaws.

 

The zodiac is divided into four parts, which include Fire (fire sign Aries, Leo, and Sagittarius), Earth (Earth signs are Taurus, Virgo, and Capricorn); Wind (signs of wind are Gemini, Libra, and Aquarius); And water (water signs are Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces).

 

In general, people born under the fire zodiac are passionate and exuberant, while those born under the earth zodiac are practical, analytical and inquisitive, and those born under the water zodiac are intuitive and emotional through the eyes of the best astrologer in India. Each zodiac has its own unique habit that distinguishes one person from another. On this planet, no one is complete. Let us know about your terrible habits based on your zodiac sign so that you can change your bad habits. To reach ultimate happiness, you must all develop yourself to become a better person.

 

1. Aries:

The people born under this sign are always victorious in their endeavours. The people born under this sign are fierce and unwilling to compromise. This zodiac's native does not enjoy waiting. People born under the Aries sign, like the first sign in the zodiac, enjoy being the first. Others may be discouraged by your habits if they do not move as swiftly as you do, and you may become upset if people and things do not move at your pace.

 

2. Taurus:

People born under this sign are naturally careless, which makes it difficult for them to maintain a healthy balance in their relationships. Such folks are frequently in a state of disarray. However, it produces consternation, headaches, and mayhem. Taurus people are infamous for hoarding their possessions. As a result, they haven't been able to take their relationship in a new path.

 

3. Gemini:

This zodiac is compassionate and sees both sides of a problem, yet they can also deceive others with their indiscretion. Gemini folks might also be oblivious to others. He only likes those who pay attention to what they have to say. This zodiac has a reputation for being poor listeners. As a result, people are less inclined to speak with them. This zodiac's native should make it a practise to pay attention to others.

 

4. Cancer:

Because the native of this zodiac's mood varies all the time, people are hesitant to trust their remarks. Due to their own indiscretion and lies, these people can sometimes employ manipulative tactics with other people, and when people catch on to your lie, you start toying with other people's feelings to show yourself right.


5. Leo:

People born under this sign are known for presenting themselves in front of others by climbing very high and bragging in simple terms. To attract people, persons born under this sign use their creativity as well as their intelligence. Leo, on the other hand, will have to learn to appreciate people and overcome his own fears.

 

6. Virgo:

This zodiac's natives do not make any sacrifices when it comes to their happiness, which has become their worst habit. This zodiac wants everything in their lives to be flawless, and they never miss an opportunity to criticise others. They are always sceptical of other people's opinions.

 

7. Libra:

"This is one of the worst behaviours of Libra residents. They will go to any length to satisfy their desire to gain any object." On their extraordinary lifestyle, people born under this sign prefer equally attractive but economical items. People born under this sign are eager in starting new relationships, but they don't seem to care about their current ones.

 

8. Scorpio:

Throughout their lives, people born under this sign complain about everyone. Scorpions have a history of exacting vengeance on individuals who have treated them unfairly. If someone's words or actions have harmed their self-esteem, they can make any big decision out of rage.

 

9. Sagittarius:

This zodiac has a proclivity for giving lengthy remarks. Dhanu has a poor tendency of always telling the truth. You could be a little irritable. You're impatient because you've set high goals and objectives for yourself, but you don't have a practical plan in place to help you reach them.

 



10. Capricorn:

This zodiac's native has the greatest proclivity for acquiring wealth, and as a result, he is sometimes misunderstood as a miser. People who earn this much put their work first, ignoring their family and friends and feeling lonely as a result. You should also concentrate on your working relationship; else, you may experience tension in your life.

 

11. Aquarius:

This zodiac's native is accustomed to living an entirely self-sufficient existence. It is tough for them to develop intimacy as a result of this. They believe that their connection will put their freedom at risk. After evaluating things, they may find themselves feeling extremely agitated and anxious.Through the eyes of the famous astrologer in Kolkata, Aquarians are calm and uninteresting, and as a result, few people approach them.


12. Pisces:

This zodiac has a proclivity for forgetting things. They neglect to put their treasures somewhere safe, and when they don't find them, they become agitated and chew their nails. This zodiac is content in their own little universe. They have a difficult time distinguishing between fantasy and reality.

Monday, 26 September 2022

What is Karana ? Simply a Yoga or Time?



The panchang includes Karana. It has something to do with the lunar day, or tithi, according to the famous astrologer in India. It's actually half of a tithi. It is, in fact, one of the Hindu panchang's sections. To elaborate, when the difference between the positions of the sun and moon reaches MULTIPLES of six degrees, it is deemed accomplished.

 

Furthermore, people have valued it for generations and consult the panchang to comprehend its presence and consequences. We need to grasp the panchang to know how numerous karanas in astrology effect us.

 

What exactly does karana imply? It would be beneficial to be familiar with our Hindu panchang in order to fully comprehend it. Panchang literally translates to "five parts." This is a hundreds-year-old Hindu calendar!

 

We rely heavily on the panchang to determine when it is auspicious and when it is not. That is, it aids in the determination of planetary placements and nakshatras as well as the analysis of their impact on our lives.

 

What is Karana in Astrology?

Hindus regard the panchang as a useful guide to life's events. We also consult the panchang to determine our good and negative periods. Rasi, Nakshatra, Tithi, Yoga, and Karana are the five sections of the panchang. A yoga is formed by the union of two karanas, according to astrology. As a result, it is made up of half a yoga.

According to Hindu astrology, there are eleven karanas in all. The eleven karanas are based on the waxing and waning of the moon. That is, each karana is positioned at a six-degree angle between the sun and the moon.

 

Types and Effects :-



Bhav Karana :

This karana earns you people's respect and admiration. This type of person is honest and avoids engaging in criminal activities. Above all, they are religious and enjoy holy responsibilities. They are realistic and believe in being truthful. In reality, such people are dedicated to their jobs and strive to fulfil them thoroughly. Finally, if you have bhav, you will be greatly admired for your virtues.

 

Balav :

You may be similar to the person with bhav. The native with the balav is also pious and spends time in pilgrimages. They dedicate valuable lifetime in pious activities. In general, they are well qualified and have a stable life.

 

Kaulav :

You may be an outgoing person if you have this karana. For instance your sociable nature will give you a large friends group. And, your personality is confident at all times. Furthermore, friends favour you and appreciate your self- esteem.

 

Tailtil :

Fortunate persons enjoy this karana. These are persons with wealth and luxuries.Importantly, if you have tailtil karana, you may be bestowed with love.

 

Gar :

You are hard-working and dedicated to work Those with tailtil believe only labour can make them successful and not fate. Thus, such persons are good in agricultural activities and domestic management.

 

Vanij :

This type of Karana can make you intelligent. With this personality, you have a strong business acumen at an early age. And you travel extensively for business purpose. Therefore, this Karana can make a successful business person.

 

Shakuni :

If you have this karana, you will be proficient in solving conflicts. Such persons show intelligence in resolving issues. Often, they become physicians due to an interest in medicines.

 

Chatushpad :

If you have this karana, you can be pious and animal loving. You show high regard to learned people and wish to serve animals. These permsons become good veterinary doctors due to their interest in treating animals.

 

Kimstughna :

A fortunate person! You could be prosperous and educated. These persons are drawn to humanitarian deeds. According to astrology, they enjoy every happiness in life.

There are some drawbacks! :-

 

Vishti :

A person with vishti karana may be unfortunate. As a result of a malefic effect on the horoscope, they may be unethical. According to astrology, this person can have an immoral nature. Furthermore, they can be revengeful and extreme.

 

Nag:

This can be an ill karana. With nag, a person can achieve anything only with hard work. Luck never favours them. They may face difficulties in life and are impatient by nature.

 


Fascinating Facts about Karana:

1. There are thirty thithis in a Hindu Lunar calendar.Therefore, we have sixty half karanas in panchang and astrology through the eyes of the famous astrologer in Kolkata.

2. Seven karanas happen eight times in a lunar month.

Four karanas remain constant.

3. Bhav, balav, kaulav, gar, tailtil, vanij and vishti recur eight times every lunar month.

4. Whereas, shakuni, chatushpad, nag, kimstugna are constant. Moreover, we consider them inauspiciuos.


Monday, 22 August 2022

Astrology from the Standpoint of Religious and Philosophical Systems



Astronomy and religion have long had a tight relationship, especially in the early days of astronomy. According to the top astrologer in Kolkata Many ancient cultures' archaeological evidence suggests that celestial bodies were worshipped during the Stone and Bronze Ages. Northern European amulets and stone walls portray constellation groupings that correspond to their historical placements, notably circumpolar constellations. These can be dated back 30,000–40,000 years.

With the Greek astronomer Anaxagoras, the first recorded clash between religious orthodoxy and astronomy occurred. His conviction was based on his views that the heavenly bodies were the outcome of an evolutionary process and that the sun was a big blazing stone (rather than the god Helios). He was accused of disobeying established religious ideas.

Despite being acquitted, he was compelled to retire. During the Renaissance, as science progressed, scientific scientists' secular ideals were met with Christian orthodoxy's hostility. The most famous such struggle was that of Galileo Galilei, who was accused of heresy and convicted by the Inquisition. Many astronomers, on the other hand, were deeply religious, and they struggled to reconcile their beliefs with the findings made after the advent of the telescope.

 

Heliocentrism and Geocentrism:

The concept of heliocentric holds that the sun is at the centre of the universe, and that all planets rotate around it. The famous astrologer in Kolkata, this is in contrast togeocentrism, which holds that the Earth is the centre of the cosmos, with the sun at its centre and all other planets orbiting it. During the period of Plato, Aristotle, Ptolemy, and other astronomers, the geocentric paradigm was widely accepted. This concept was based on astronomical measurements as well as religious beliefs of the time. Nicolaus Copernicus proposed an alternative model with the sun at the centre of the universe, which was later supported by astronomers such as Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler.

This model was based on observation as well, but it included the use of a newly developed telescope as well as various mathematical observations that resulted in elliptical orbits. These models were not recognized by a culture dominated by the Catholic Church at the time, and these astronomers faced heavy criticism from both the church and others around them.



Tammaso Cassini said that the bible contradicted the earth's circling around the sun. One example given was when God blocked the sun for Joshua in Joshua 10. It was also stated that because God would put his greatest creation at the centre of the cosmos, shifting the Earth away from the centre diminished the magnificence of his creation.

 

Galileo and Religion:

Galileo's Sidereus Nuncius, published in 1610 and sanctioned by the Holy Office, drew a lot of attention. This text details his observations with the telescope, including descriptions of Jupiter's moons and the Moon's highlands.

By 1616, the Holy Office, popularly known as the Inquisition, had condemned the Copernican hypothesis, as well as Galileo's publications. If science did not support the Bible, it was not to be taught. Galileo's best-selling Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems was banned by 1633. He renounced his heliocentric and was condemned to life in prison with house confinement.

Pope John Paul II established a committee to investigate Galileo's trial 400 years after his death, and Galileo was pardoned.

 

Newton and Religion:

Newton was a devout Catholic. Newton decided against becoming a clergyman after concluding that the Holy Trinity could not exist since Jesus could not be equal to God. He was still a firm believer in the Bible, to the point where breaking the first commandment was as bad as leaving Cambridge. Newton did not feel that faith and science were mutually exclusive, and he based his work on the Bible. Because of his goal to connect science and scripture, he was assailed by society and the church when he wrote the Principia while studying astronomy, and he quickly moved on to other works after being unable to handle the criticism from his colleagues.

Newton turned to alchemy, guiding his work with Greek tales, and became renowned less for his work in astronomy, where he invented the reflecting telescope, and more for his work in constructing a scientific technique and his gravity laws.



Abstract:

In both its beliefs and practices, astrology can be considered religious. Theoretical, practical, and societal aspects of astrology are all tracked using a standard definition of religion. The Western underpinnings of astrology can be traced back to Plato's tale of creation, Timeous.

Through the eyes of the top astrologer in India, Astrology depicts the Greek concept of a linked cosmos by demonstrating a linkage between God's greater universe (macrocosm) and humanity's smaller world (microcosm). Astrology's physical, metaphorical, symbolic, and perceptual ties to nature give rise to its practice as a nature religion. At each person's birth, the confluence of time and location creates a 'axis of placement,' which connects them to the natural world.

Tracking the sun, moon, and planets; ceremonial participation in natural cycles; and treating nature as sacred are all examples of astrological rituals. Astrology has an unstructured organizational structure, no coherent theory, and few obvious institutional ties from a sociological standpoint.

Despite being recognized as a science throughout its history, astrology is largely regarded today as being diametrically opposed to modern Western science's findings and views.